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kolorapus ebook

2022.01.13

Single-mode optical cables and multimode fibers can employ either a step-index refractive index profile or a graded-index refractive index profile.

The propagation of electromagnetic waves in optical fibers constitutes a dielectric circular waveguide. When light rays undergo total internal reflection at the interface between media, the electromagnetic waves become confined within the medium, forming what are known as guided waves or guided modes. For a given guided wave and operating wavelength, there exist multiple incident conditions that satisfy the total internal reflection criterion; these different incident conditions correspond to distinct modes of the guided wave. Based on their transmission modes, optical fibers can be classified into multimode fibers and single-mode fibers. Multimode fibers can support the transmission of several modes, whereas single-mode fibers can transmit only one mode for a given operating wavelength.

2022.01.07

The cutoff wavelength λc refers to the minimum operating optical wavelength at which a fiber can achieve single-mode transmission.

2021.12.30

December 2019

Kolorapus (Shanghai) Information Technology Co., Ltd. is headquartered in Minhang District, Shanghai. Its market network is widely distributed across major large and medium-sized cities in 21 provinces, 4 autonomous regions, and 4 municipalities directly under the central government in China.

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kolorapus ebook

2025-07-25

Chirp chirp

2022-05-17

2022: Green is the color of data centers.

Data center operators and suppliers will increasingly proactively seek strategies that can make a real impact in addressing the climate crisis. Lithium battery recycling infrastructure is expected to expand in 2022, removing one of the few remaining barriers to the widespread adoption of lithium-ion batteries in data centers.

2022-05-17

Our Connected Future: The Smart Building Market and Forecast

An increasing number of government initiatives, growing energy concerns, consumer demand, and various environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors are driving the growth of the smart building market, which is projected to achieve a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of over 23% between 2020 and 2025.

2022-05-16

Large-scale 5G deployment is inevitable—so which industries will benefit?

When will 5G networks be launched? Wang Zhiqin, deputy director of the China Academy of Information and Communications Technology, told a reporter from Economic Reference News that many countries and regions are now placing great importance on the commercial deployment of 5G. The United States, the European Union, South Korea, Japan, and China all plan to begin commercial deployment of 5G networks in the second half of 2019 and to launch full-scale commercial services in 2020. As the international standards for 5G are finalized, global competition in the 5G industry will intensify further. According to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the three major telecom operators, China’s commercial rollout of 5G is progressing smoothly and steadily. Technical R&D trials have officially entered their third phase. It is expected that by the end of 2018, key segments of the 5G industrial chain will largely reach pre-commercial readiness levels. Plans call for starting 5G network construction in 2019 and launching full-scale commercial 5G services in 2020.

2022-05-16

Is now the right time to modernize data centers?

As businesses continue to grow and expand, many companies may consider modernizing their data centers—or at least exploring the options offered by modernization—while also taking other upgrade initiatives into account. Many enterprises are preparing for data center modernization, often referred to as digital transformation, especially in an ever-changing work environment. Data center modernization is continuously evolving to meet new customer demands and enhance business competitiveness.

2022-05-16

Six Comprehensive Cabling Considerations for Parking Management Systems

The six aspects that should be taken into account when wiring a parking lot system are as follows: 1. Place the controller in a concealed or secure location to prevent intentional damage. Indoor wiring not only needs to be safe and reliable but also well-organized, neat, and firmly installed. 2. The rated voltage of the conductors used should exceed the operating voltage of the circuit; the insulation of the conductors must be compatible with both the installation method and the environmental conditions of the circuit. The cross-sectional area of the conductors should meet the requirements for power supply and mechanical strength. 3. In integrated cabling, wire splices should be avoided as much as possible. Unless splices are absolutely necessary, they must be tightly crimped or welded and waterproof. Wire connections and branches should not be subjected to mechanical stress.

2022-05-16

Analysis of the Current Status of Smart City Development in China: The Government is Vigorously Promoting the Planning and Construction Process.

KOLORAPUS Analysis: An Assessment of the Current State of Smart City Development in China—The Government Is Vigorously Promoting the Planning and Construction Process.

2022-05-16

The new submarine optical cable will deliver a 100 Tbps broadband rate to Hawaii.

Starting this month, internet, data, and voice traffic will begin to be transmitted via a $250 million undersea fiber-optic cable connecting Hawaii, the U.S. mainland, and Asia.

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kolorapus (Shanghai) Communication Technology

Building 1, No. 351 Chengjian Road, Minhang District, Shanghai City

021-52961776

400-168-0366

joy.liu@sh-apus.com

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