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The relationship between fiber-optic communication and 5G
2022-05-16
(The 5G era is coming soon.)
5G The importance of future applications
Staying connected has become an inevitable part of modern daily life. People have grown accustomed to making calls, sending emails, or watching videos anytime and anywhere. In the future, human society will enter an era of even more advanced and faster network connectivity, where possibilities may far exceed our current imagination. The industry’s demand for concurrent connections and instantaneous connectivity will continue to rise steadily.
5G The Necessity of Existence in the Future
Currently, 3G and 4G networks require a macro base station to be installed every few miles. Macro base stations are typically deployed on tall towers or rooftops of buildings. In macro base station networks, signal blockage often results in coverage gaps, necessitating the additional deployment of small cell base stations to fill these gaps or enhance coverage for users.
The relationship between fiber optics and 5G
5G networks require a denser network of radio antennas to achieve massive connectivity, low latency, and high connection speeds. Although numerous variables may come into play, in certain scenarios it might be necessary to deploy 5G small cells every 500 feet or even less frequently. By deploying more base stations within smaller areas, we can create a denser, faster, and more interconnected fiber-optic communication network.
(Fiber Optic Data Center Server Room)
So, what happens as wireless networks become increasingly dense? In short, wireless networks are undergoing “fiberization”—an integration of ever more fiber optics. The advanced fiber-optic communication networks that result from this process enable fiber optics to penetrate even deeper into cities and communities, extending all the way to street infrastructure and building facades.
One American.
Semiconductor lasers have numerous advantages: They directly convert electrons into photons, achieving an electro-optical conversion efficiency of over 50%, which is significantly higher than that of other types of lasers. Their service life exceeds 100,000 hours—far longer than that of other laser types. Moreover, semiconductors can be modulated for output, a capability that other laser types simply cannot match. Additionally, semiconductor lasers are compact, lightweight, and cost-effective; they are much cheaper than materials such as ruby.
Actually, it’s not hard to understand the advantages of semiconductor lasers. Although most people may not pay much attention to them, everyone has seen LED (light-emitting diode) lights. The principle behind LED light emission is that when charge carriers recombine at the PN junction, they release their excess energy in the form of light—turning electrical current directly into light, rather than having to heat a filament like in incandescent bulbs. As a result, LED lights have a host of advantages over traditional bulbs: they offer a wide range of colors, their luminous intensity can be precisely adjusted, they have a long lifespan, and they’re relatively inexpensive—much the same as the advantages of semiconductor lasers mentioned earlier. A semiconductor laser can be thought of as taking the basic principle behind LED light emission and adding the amplifying effect of an optical resonant cavity. And this resonant cavity doesn’t need to be built separately—it already exists within the semiconductor itself.
The laser is a rare example of a technology that became immediately practical upon its invention—already being used in surgery by 1961. Thanks to its extraordinary properties, lasers exhibit exceptional photon coherence: all the photons are perfectly synchronized and travel in a single direction, concentrating their energy into a pinpoint focus that can shine millions of times brighter than the sun. With even moderately powerful lasers, you can precisely cut, shape, and process virtually any material. Lasers are employed in a wide array of applications—including cutting, welding, measurement, and marking—and find use in countless industries such as communications, industrial manufacturing, healthcare, and cosmetics, continually replacing traditional processes.
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